Defense and National Security

--12/04/06  9/11 Commission Recommendations: Implementation Status -- NEW!
--09/27/04  9/11 Commission Recommendations: Intelligence Budget -- NEW!
--03/23/05  9/11 Commission Recommendations: The Senate Confirmation Process for Presidential Nominees -- Updated
--04/15/05  Administrative Subpoenas and National Security Letters in Criminal and Foreign Intelligence Investigations: Background and Proposed Adjustments -- NEW!
--04/15/05  Administrative Subpoenas and National Security Letters in Criminal and Intelligence Investigations: A Sketch -- NEW!
--07/13/05  American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics -- Updated
--06/22/01  Arms Control after START II: Next Steps on the U.S.-Russian Agenda Updated.
--12/17/01  Arms Control and Strategic Nuclear Weapons: Unilateral vs. Bilateral Reductions
--06/09/05  Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Program: Issues for the 109th Congress -- Updated
--09/08/05  Arrest and Detention of Material Witnesses: Federal Law in Brief and Section 12 of the USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act (H.R. 3199) -- NEW!
--05/27/04  Authorization and Appropriations for FY2005: Defense -- Updated
--03/30/05  Aviation Security-Related Findings and Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission -- Updated
--02/07/05  Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: 9/11 Commission Recommendations and Related Issues -- Updated
--12/17/04  Border and Transportation Security: Overview of Congressional Issues -- NEW!
--03/29/05  Border and Transportation Security: Possible New Directions and Policy Options -- NEW!
--03/29/05  Border and Transportation Security: Selected Programs and Policies -- NEW!
--03/29/05  Border and Transportation Security: The Complexity of the Challenge -- NEW!
--09/28/05  Border Security and the Southwest Border: Background, Legislation, and Issues -- NEW!
--01/02/04  Border Security and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles -- NEW!
--09/22/05  Border Security: Apprehensions of "Other Than Mexican" Aliens -- NEW!
--12/12/06  Border Security: Barriers Along the U.S. International Border -- Updated
--10/13/04  Border Security: Inspections Practices, Policies, and Issues -- Updated
--05/09/05  Border Security: Key Agencies and Their Mission -- Updated
--05/10/05  Border Security: The Role of the U.S. Border Patrol -- Updated
--07/08/02  Border Security: U.S.-Canadian Border Issues NEW!
--02/03/05  The Civil Works Program of the Army Corps of Engineers: A Primer -- Updated
--06/06/05  The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA): Origin, Characteristics, and Institutional Authorities -- Updated
--01/20/04  Chemical Plant Security -- Updated
--03/31/05  Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Establishment and Composition -- Updated
--10/06/04  Comparison of 9/11 Commission Recommended Intelligence Reforms, S. 2845, S. 2774, H.R. 5024, Administration Proposal, H.R. 10, Current Law -- Updated
--01/28/04  Comparisons of U.S. and Foreign Military Spending: Data from Selected Public Sources -- NEW!
--06/28/05  Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty: Pro and Con -- Updated
--10/23/06  Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1998-2005 -- NEW!
--08/29/05  Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1997-2004 -- NEW!
--08/26/04  Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1996-2003 -- NEW!
--09/22/03  Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1995-2002 NEW!
--10/07/05  The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan and Enhanced Base Security Since 9/11 -- NEW!
--03/14/05  The Cost of Operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Enhanced Security -- Updated
--11/02/06  Covert Action: Legislative Background and Possible Policy Questions -- NEW!
--02/22/05  Creating a National Framework for Cybersecurity: An Analysis of Issues and Options -- NEW!
--07/14/03  Critical Infrastructure: Control Systems and the Terrorist Threat -- Updated
--06/19/01  Critical Infrastructures: Background and Early Implementation of PDD-63.  Updated.
--02/04/02  Critical Infrastructures: Background, Policy, and Implementation Updated.
--08/30/02  Critical Infrastructures: What Makes an Infrastructure Critical? NEW!
--07/03/02  Cruise Missile Proliferation NEW!
--05/23/05  Defense Authorization and Appropriations Bills: A Chronology, FY1970-FY2006 -- Updated
--03/29/02  Defense Budget for FY2003: Data Summary NEW!
--11/09/06  Defense Transformation: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress -- Updated
--02/07/05  Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues -- Updated
--03/15/04  Detention of American Citizens as Enemy Combatants -- Updated
--04/28/05  Detention of U.S. Citizens -- NEW!
--02/11/05  The Director of National Intelligence and Intelligence Analysis -- Updated
--04/11/05  Director of National Intelligence: Statutory Authorities -- NEW!
--10/05/04  Expanding Threat Reduction and Nonproliferation Programs: Concepts and Definitions -- NEW!
--08/04/04  FBI Intelligence Reform Since September 11, 2001: Issues and Options for Congress -- Updated
--11/07/01  Financing Issues and Economic Effects of Past American Wars
--08/05/04  First Responder Grant Formulas: The 9/11 Commission Recommendation and Other Options for Congressional Action -- Updated
--12/13/04  Fiscal Year 2005 Homeland Security Grant Program: State Allocations and Issues for Congressional Oversight -- NEW!
--12/20/06  Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade: Key Issues for the 110th Congress -- NEW!
--12/27/04  Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade: Key Issues for the 109th Congress -- NEW!
--01/03/03  Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade: Key Issues for the 108th Congress NEW!
--01/11/05  Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Selected Legislation from the 108th Congress -- Updated
--03/01/05  FY2006 Appropriations for State and Local Homeland Security -- NEW!
--09/21/04  General Management Laws and the 9/11 Commission's Proposed Office of National Intelligence Director (NID) and National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) -- NEW!
--10/05/06  Globalization Cooperative Threat Reduction: A Survey of Options -- Updated
--12/07/05  Guantanamo Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court -- NEW!
--11/12/04  Guarding America: Security Guards and U.S. Critical Infrastructure Protection -- NEW!
--11/12/04  Homeland Security Advisory System: Possible Issues for Congressional Oversight -- Updated
--03/04/05  Homeland Security: Air Passenger Prescreening and Counterterrorism -- NEW!
--12/29/04  Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House -- NEW!
--04/14/05  Homeland Security Department: FY2006 Appropriations -- NEW!
--08/07/02  Homeland Security: Department Organization and Management Updated.
--08/27/04  Homeland Security: Department Organization and Management - Implementation Phase -- Updated
--02/10/05  Homeland Security: Establishment and Implementation of the United States Northern Command -- Updated
--11/16/06  Homeland Security: Evolving Roles and Missions for United States Northern Command -- Updated
--05/21/04  Homeland Security: Federal Assistance Funding and Business Opportunities -- Updated
--09/03/02  Homeland Security: Management Positions for the Proposed Department Updated.
--05/20/02  Homeland Security Office: Issues and Options NEW!
--10/22/04  Homeland Security: Protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles -- Updated
--02/24/05  Homeland Security Research and Development Funding, Organization, and Oversight -- Updated
--08/26/02  Homeland Security: Side-by-Side Comparison of H.R. 5005 and S.2452, 107th Congress -- Updated
--10/10/01  Homeland Security: The Presidential Coordination Office.
--02/07/05  Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Border Surveillance -- Updated
--10/20/04  H.R. 10 (9/11 Recommendations Implementation Act) and S.2845 (National Intelligence Reform Act of 2004): A Comparative Analysis -- Updated
--09/25/06  Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) in Iraq and Afghanistan: Effects and Countermeasures -- Updated
--11/23/05  Improvised Explosive Devices in Iraq: Effects and Countermeasures -- NEW!
--01/10/05  Information Sharing for Homeland Security: A Brief Overview -- Updated
--07/19/04  Information Warfare and Cyberwar: Capabilities and Related Policy Issues -- Updated
--12/03/02  Intelligence and Law Enforcement: Countering Transnational Threats to the U.S. Updated.
--01/16/03  The Intelligence Community and 9/11: Congressional Hearings and the Status of the Investigation -- Updated
--11/06/02  The Intelligence Community and 9/11: Proposals for an Independent Commission -- Updated
--12/21/04  Intelligence Community Reorganization: Potential Effects on DOD Intelligence Agencies -- Updated
--11/21/06  Intelligence Estimates: How Useful to Congress? -- NEW!
--02/20/02  Intelligence Issues for Congress -- Updated
--12/29/04  Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004: "Lone Wolf" Amendment to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act -- NEW!
--01/06/05  Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004: National Standards for Drivers' Licenses, Social Security Cards, and Birth Certificates -- NEW!
--02/22/05  Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Programs: Issues for Congress -- Updated
--02/21/02  Intelligence to Counter Terrorism: Issues for Congress -- New!
--10/02/06  International Small Arms and Light Weapons Transfer: U.S. Policy -- Updated
--10/23/06  Interrogation of Detainees: Overview of the McCain Amendment -- Updated
--03/19/02  Japan-U.S. Cooperation on Ballistic Missile Defense: Issues and Prospects
--12/20/06  A Joint Committee on Intelligence and Alternatives: Proposals from the 9/11 Commission and Others -- Updated
--08/25/04  A Joint Committee on Intelligence: Proposals and Options from the 9/11 Commission and Others -- Updated
--01/26/05  Lasers Aimed at Aircraft Cockpits: Background and Possible Options to Address the Threat to Aviation Safety and Security -- NEW!
--08/19/05  Libraries and the USA PATRIOT Act -- Updated
--01/07/05  Martial Law and National Emergency -- Updated
--01/24/05  Military Aviation: Issues and Options for Combating Terrorism and Counterinsurgency -- NEW!
--05/09/05  Military Base Closures: Implementing the 2005 Round -- Updated
--04/11/05  Military Base Closures: Role and Costs of Environmental Cleanup -- Updated
--03/21/05  Military Base Closures: The 2005 BRAC Commission -- Updated
--04/11/05  Military Construction in Support of Afghanistan and Iraq -- Memorandum
--05/26/04  Military Courts-Martial: An Overview -- NEW!
--09/23/04  Military Role in Space Control: A Primer -- NEW!
--09/29/06  Military Technology and Conventional Weapons Export Controls: The Wassenaar Arrangement -- Updated
--05/31/02  Military Transformation: Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Updated.
--07/09/04  Military Tribunals: Historical Patterns and Lessons -- NEW!
--03/26/02  Military Tribunals: The "Quirin" Precedent
--10/31/01  Missile Defense, Arms Control, and Deterrence: A New Strategic Framework
--07/19/05  Missile Defense: The Current Debate -- Updated
--10/17/03  Missile Proliferation and the Strategic Balance in South Asia NEW!
--07/26/05  Missile Survey: Ballistic and Cruise Missiles of Selected Foreign Countries -- Updated
--11/21/06  The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center: Issues for Congress -- Updated
--11/13/06  National Emergency Powers -- Updated
--03/10/05  The National Preparedness System: Issues in the 109th Congress -- NEW!
--06/14/02  National Missile Defense: Russia's Reaction Updated.
--05/05/03  NATO Enlargement Updated.
--05/02/03  NATO Enlargement: Senate Advice and Consent Updated.
--05/05/03  NATO's Decision-Making Procedure Updated.
--03/01/05  The NATO Summit at Prague, 2002 -- NEW!
--06/02/04  Network Centric Warfare: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress -- NEW!
--04/26/05  NPT Compliance: Issues and Views -- NEW!
--05/24/02   Nuclear Arms Control: The U.S.-Russian Agenda -- Updated
--01/14/05  Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons and Missiles: Status and Trends -- Updated
--05/10/02  Nuclear Nonproliferation Issues -- Updated
--05/16/05  The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference: Issues for Congress -- NEW!
--01/31/02  Nuclear Posture Review: Overview and Emerging Issues
--01/31/02  Nuclear Powerplants: Vulnerability to Terrorist Attack
--06/09/05  Nuclear Testing and Comprehensive Test Ban: Chronology Starting September 1992 -- Updated
--03/20/02  Nuclear Weapons: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty -- Updated
--04/12/02   Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues -- Updated
--10/17/01  Operation Enduring Freedom: Foreign Pledges of Military & Intelligence Support. Updated.
--11/02/05  Overview and Analysis of Senate Amendment Concerning Interrogation of Detainees -- NEW!
--04/13/05  Peacekeeping and Conflict Transitions: Background and Congressional Action on Civilian Capabilities -- NEW!
--08/06/03  Peacekeeping: Issues of U.S. Military Involvement Updated
--02/05/04  Pipeline Security: An Overview of Federal Activities and Current Policy Issues -- Updated
--03/30/04  Policing in Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations: Problems and Proposed Solutions -- Updated
--12/07/04  Port and Maritime Security: Potential for Terrorist Nuclear Attack Using Oil Tankers -- NEW!
--08/12/04  The Position of Director of National Intelligence: Issues for Congress -- Updated
--04/10/02  Preventing Proliferation of Biological Weapons: U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet States NEW!
--12/26/06  Proliferation Control Regimes: Background and Status -- Updated
--09/24/04  Proposals for Intelligence Reorganization: 1949-2004 -- Updated
--10/05/04  The Proposed Authorities of a National Intelligence Director: Issues for Congress and Side-by-Side Comparison of S. 2845, H.R. 10, and Current Law -- Updated
--05/17/05  Protecting Our Perimeter: "Border Searches" Under the Fourth Amendment -- Updated
--08/05/04  The Protection of Classified Information: The Legal Framework -- Updated
--09/02/04  Risk Management and Critical Infrastructure Protection: Assessing, Integrating, and Managing Threats, Vulnerabilities and Consequences -- NEW!
--03/08/05  Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Budget Request and Plan, FY2005-FY2009 -- NEW!
--05/09/05  The SAFE Acts of 2005: H.R. 1526 and S.737 - A Sketch -- NEW!
--08/26/04  Secrecy Versus Openess: New Proposed Arrangements for Balancing Competing Needs -- Updated
--05/09/05  Security and Freedom Ensured Act (SAFE Act) (H.R. 1526) and Security and Freedom Enhancement Act (SAFE Act) (S.737): Section by Section Analysis -- NEW!
--03/25/05  Selected Federal Homeland Security Assistance Programs: A Summary -- NEW!
--06/09/04  Sensitive Security Information and Transportation Security: Issues and Congressional Options -- NEW!
--08/11/04  Side-by-Side Comparison of Intelligence Community Reforms Proposed by 9/11 Commission, the Bush Administration, Senators Feinstein, Graham and Daschle, and Respresentatives Harman and Goss; and Current Statute -- Memorandum
--10/15/01  Special Operations Forces in Operation Eduring Freedom: Background and Issues for Congress
--06/09/05  State and Local Homeland Security: Unresolved Issues for the 109th Congress -- NEW!
--10/15/04  S.Res. 445: Senate Committee Reorganization for Homeland Security and Intelligence Matters -- NEW!
--12/11/01  Terrorism and the Law of War: Trying Terrorists as War Criminals before Military Commissions Updated.
--12/10/01  Terrorism: Section by Section Analysis of the USA PATRIOT Act Updated.
--01/07/05  Terrorist Attacks and National Emergencies Act Declarations -- Updated
--04/11/02  Treatment of "Battlefield Detainees" in the War on Terrorism NEW!
--04/15/02  The USA PATRIOT Act: A Legal Analysis NEW!
--04/07/05  The United Nations and "Gun Control" -- NEW!
--04/18/02  The USA PATRIOT Act: A Sketch NEW!
--08/09/05  USA PATRIOT Act: Background and Comparison of House-and Senate-Approved Reauthorization and Related Legislative Action -- NEW!
--08/10/05  USA PATRIOT Act Reauthorization in Brief -- NEW!
--07/15/05  USA PATRIOT Act Reauthorization Proposals and Related Matters in Brief -- NEW!
--06/29/05  USA PATRIOT Act Sunset: A Sketch -- Updated
--06/29/05  USA PATRIOT Act Sunset: Provisions that Expire on December 31, 2005 -- Updated
--12/21/06  USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005: A Legal Analysis -- Updated
--12/09/05  USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 (H.R. 3199): A Brief Look -- NEW!
--12/28/05  USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 (H.R.3199): A Side-by-Side Comparison of Existing Law, H.R. 3199 (Conference), and H.R. 3199 (Senate Passed) -- NEW!
--12/11/06  U.S. and Coalition Military Operations in Afghanistan: Issues for Congress -- Updated
--02/04/05  U.S. Anti-Terror Strategy and the 9/11 Commission Report -- Updated
--12/15/06  U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 1998-2005 -- NEW!
--12/29/05  U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 1997-2004 -- NEW!
--12/08/04  U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 1996-2003 -- NEW!
--12/20/06  U.S. Army and Marine Corps Equipment Requirements: Background and Issues for Congress -- NEW!
--05/10/05  U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress -- Updated
--11/13/06  U.S. Forces in Iraq -- Updated
--12/02/05  U.S. Intelligence and Policymaking: The Iraq Experience -- Updated
--04/26/05  U.S. Military and Iraqi Casualty Statistics: Additional Numbers and Explanations -- NEW!
--09/24/04  The U.S. Intelligence Budget: A Basic Overview -- NEW!
--08/26/05  U.S. Military Operations in the Global War on Terrorism: Afghanistan, Africa, the Philippines, and Colombia -- NEW!
--11/16/04  U.S. Military Overseas Basing: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress -- NEW!
--05/19/05  U.S. Treatment of Prisoners in Iraq: Selected Legal Issues -- Updated
--09/18/02  U.S. Use of Preemptive Military Force NEW!
--12/21/05  Vulnerability of Concentrated Critical Infrastructure: Background and Policy Options -- NEW!
--03/11/04  The War Powers Resolution: After Thirty Years -- NEW!
--09/11/01  War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance
--03/07/02  Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Terrorist Threat